Abstract
Through individual interactions zooplankton contribute to the energy flow in pelagic food webs and to the downward flux of organic matter. Behavior and sensory functions of zooplankton thus play fundamental roles for structuring and functioning of marine pelagic ecosystems. Despite that motility has large consequences for growth and predation risk and that it can be altered instantaneously and continuously, there are few quantitative data on zooplankton behavioral plasticity, and the optimality and adaptive value of plastic behavior is rarely considered in model studies. Here we aim at quantifying the degree of flexibility in the behavioral response of small (50-1000um) zooplankton, and its role in mediating behavioral and energetic interactions with pelagic predators (larval fish, carnivorous zooplankton). The problem will be attacked in models and experiments. We will quantify behavior and behavioral plasticity in response to cues related to predators, prey and the environment considering both chemical and hydrodynamic signals. By combining small-scale process-models and dynamic programming we will explore optimal behavioral strategies, including flexibility, for various scenarios. An increased understanding of zooplankton small scale behavioral processes is needed for a comprehensive understanding of pelagic ecosystems and their biodiversity, and necessary if we are to manage marine resources wisely while confronted with climate change and increased maritime activities.
Sweden